The link between malnutrition, immunity, infection, inflammation and growth: New pathological mechanisms

Primary (acute and chronic) malnutrition is still prevalent in developing countries because of inadequate nutrition poor sanitation caused by social, economic, environmental factors. In addition, acute can occur secondary to an underlying disease that interferes with the intake, digestion, absorption, or assimilation different nutrients increases nutrient loss, and/or energy expenditure. Immune dysfunction infection are tightly linked actively contribute metabolic hormonal dysregulation as well progression malnutrition. An dietary intake macro-and micronutrients proposed adversely affect local intestinal systemic immunity, mucosal integrity, interaction between host defense pathogens. Lowered damage, recurrent prolonged infections, gut inflammation negatively malnourished child growth weight height psycho-mental development endemic areas. Both aggressively triggering a vicious cycle. Almost all infantile childhood settings (unlike anorexia nervosa) results from deficient diet, infection, inflammation, (most children areas have enteric (EED), often high fecal inflammatory markers. We highlight gaps our understanding current among immune dysfunction, children, evaluate possible responsibility pro-inflammatory cytokines initiation severe Breach malicious cycle infection/inflammation requires innovative interferences recover enforce against pathogens reduce morbidity mortality.